TENSES
In
English Language we should know and understanding about TENSES.
tenses differentiated into 16 types based on time. but there are 12 kinds of
tenses are often used in daily life. now we will study the forms of tenses
found in daily life, hopefully this all maybe an additional knowledge for you
all in school, primary school, junior high school, and senior high school.
please be listened to and if there are things do not understand please ask the
questions here...and with pleasure i would answer your question well.
1. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
(express daily habbits or usual activities)
Patern :
S + Verb.1 + (s/es)
that must be considered as well to remember the use of simple present tense is the addition of (-s) and (-es) in the third person singular subjects.
{I, YOU, WE, THEY,} --> verb do not need to added
"-s" or "-es" the assistant verb "do" (to make
negative(-) and interrogative(?) sentence)
{HE, SHE, IT} --> verb need to added "-s" or
"-es" the assistant verb "does" (to make negative(-) and
interrogative(?) sentence.
the addition of "-es" done if the verb ends in the
letters : o,s,h and x (for the letter y, not all verbs, just that in preceded
by a consonant the Y changes to "-ies", example : study-studies,
carry-carries. but if preceded by a vowel, do not changes.
EXAMPLE :
1.
they play football everyday
2.
Ana takes a shower everymorning
3.
A square has four equal sides
4.
he goes to school by bus
to changes the positive sentence to be negative and interrogative
sentence can be used this formula :
Patern :
Patern :
(+) S + Verb 1 + (S/ES)
(-) S + Do/Does + Not + Verb 1
(?) Do/Does + S + Verb 1
(-) S + Do/Does + Not + Verb 1
(?) Do/Does + S + Verb 1
EXAMPLE :
1. (-) Mr. Hadi does not teach English
(?) does Mr. Hadi teach English
(?) does Mr. Hadi teach English
2. (-) they do not go to school everyday
(?) do they go
to school everyday
note the following sentence, the word not use do or does but use : IS,AM,ARE
note the following sentence, the word not use do or does but use : IS,AM,ARE
1.
I am student
2.
You are clever
2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
(the present continuous tense expresses an activity that is in progress (is
occurring, is happening) right now.
Patern :
Patern :
(+) S + to be (is,am,are) +Verb + ing
(-) S +to be + not + verb + ing
(?) To be + S + Verb + ing
we must know the usage of "to be" (auxiliary word) in each subject the following is an example to be from each subject :
(-) S +to be + not + verb + ing
(?) To be + S + Verb + ing
we must know the usage of "to be" (auxiliary word) in each subject the following is an example to be from each subject :
{I,YOU,WE,THEY,Ali and Ani,The teachers} -->are
{SHE, HE,IT,Ali,The teacher} -->is
to create form ing note the following :
A. In general "ing " form is in the form by adding-ing to the basic verb is also called the verb 1.
for example : to play - playing, to jump - jumping
B. If the verb for verb ending by consonant are precedded by the vowels and a consonant the consonant is doubled then add-ing.
for example : to put - putting, to swim - swimming
C. If the verb ends in "E" is preceded by a consonant, the "E" should be removed then added -ing.
for example : to come - comming, to shine - shining
time signal that is often used : now, right now, at present, today, this morning, to night.
EXAMPLE :
to create form ing note the following :
A. In general "ing " form is in the form by adding-ing to the basic verb is also called the verb 1.
for example : to play - playing, to jump - jumping
B. If the verb for verb ending by consonant are precedded by the vowels and a consonant the consonant is doubled then add-ing.
for example : to put - putting, to swim - swimming
C. If the verb ends in "E" is preceded by a consonant, the "E" should be removed then added -ing.
for example : to come - comming, to shine - shining
time signal that is often used : now, right now, at present, today, this morning, to night.
EXAMPLE :
1. (+) I am studying english
(-) I'm not studying english
(?) are you studying english
(-) I'm not studying english
(?) are you studying english
2. (+) they are watching tv
(-) they are not watching tv
(?) are they watching tv
(-) they are not watching tv
(?) are they watching tv
3. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE (used to represent a
job or event)
1. have been completed or occur when the sentence made
1. have been completed or occur when the sentence made
2. If its followed by the words "for" or
"since" the incident behind it implies still ongoing at the time the
sentence made.
as we know in english there are 3 forms in the verb : Infinitive
(verb.1), past (verb.2), past participle (verb.3)
there are two kinds of verb, namely :
1. Regular Verb
2. Irregular Verb
1. REGULAR VERB
to make verb.2 and verb.3 get an extre +ED or +D on verb which end on the leter "E"
Example :
verb.2 and verb.3 added "ED"
verb .1 verb.2 verb.3
walk walked walked
open opened opened
verb.2 and verb.3 added "D" because that verb which end on the letter "E"
verb.1 verb.2 verb.3
agree agreed agreed
prepare prepared prepared
2. IRREGULAR VERB
verb.2 and verb.3 different
verb.1 verb.2 verb.3
be was/were been
go went gone
write wrote written
verb.2 and verb.3 are same
verb.1 verb.2 verb.3
bring brought brought
teach taught taught
have had had
verb.1 verb.2 and verb.3 are same
verb.1 verb.2 verb.3
cut cut cut
put put put
read read read
to cahnge the positive(+) sentence into negative(-) and interrogative(?) sentences, note the sentence formula :
Patern :
1. Regular Verb
2. Irregular Verb
1. REGULAR VERB
to make verb.2 and verb.3 get an extre +ED or +D on verb which end on the leter "E"
Example :
verb.2 and verb.3 added "ED"
verb .1 verb.2 verb.3
walk walked walked
open opened opened
verb.2 and verb.3 added "D" because that verb which end on the letter "E"
verb.1 verb.2 verb.3
agree agreed agreed
prepare prepared prepared
2. IRREGULAR VERB
verb.2 and verb.3 different
verb.1 verb.2 verb.3
be was/were been
go went gone
write wrote written
verb.2 and verb.3 are same
verb.1 verb.2 verb.3
bring brought brought
teach taught taught
have had had
verb.1 verb.2 and verb.3 are same
verb.1 verb.2 verb.3
cut cut cut
put put put
read read read
to cahnge the positive(+) sentence into negative(-) and interrogative(?) sentences, note the sentence formula :
Patern :
(+) S + have/has + Verb.3
(-) S + have/has + not + verb.3
(?) have/has + S + Verb.3
time signal that is often used : already, almost, ever, never, yet
note the location on the sentence : I have eaten already, he has almost arrived at his destination, i have not seen that film yet
EXAMPLE :
(-) S + have/has + not + verb.3
(?) have/has + S + Verb.3
time signal that is often used : already, almost, ever, never, yet
note the location on the sentence : I have eaten already, he has almost arrived at his destination, i have not seen that film yet
EXAMPLE :
1.
(+) I have eaten rice
(-) I have not eaten rice
(?) Have you eaten rice
(-) I have not eaten rice
(?) Have you eaten rice
2.
(+) He has been to bali
(-) He has not been to bali
(?) Has he been to bali
(-) He has not been to bali
(?) Has he been to bali
4. PRESENT PERFECT COTINUOUS TENSE
tenses are used to denote event or
actions, which began during the past, and the event or the act still going on
until the sentence is made
to know what subject to use have and has notice the following
example :
{I,YOU,WE,THEY} --> HAVE
{SHE,HE,IT} ---> HAS
to change the positive(+) sentence into the negative(-) and
interogative(?) sentence note the following formula :
Patern :
Patern :
(+) S + have/has + been + verb + ing
(-) S + have/has + not + been +verb + ing
(?) Have/has + S + been + verb + ing
EXAMPLE :
(-) S + have/has + not + been +verb + ing
(?) Have/has + S + been + verb + ing
EXAMPLE :
1.
(+) father has been reading newspaper since an
hour ago
(-) father has not been reading newspaper since an hour ago
(?) has father been reading newspaper since an hour ago
(-) father has not been reading newspaper since an hour ago
(?) has father been reading newspaper since an hour ago
2.
(+) we have been swimming for two hours
(-) we have not been swimming for two hours
(?) have you been swimming for two hours
(-) we have not been swimming for two hours
(?) have you been swimming for two hours
5. Simple Past Tense
Patern :
S + was/were + V3 + a.
Example :
1.
Last year I took my exams.
2. I got married in 1992.
3. I lived in South Africa for two years.
2. I got married in 1992.
3. I lived in South Africa for two years.
4.
When I was a child we always went to the seaside on bank holidays.
6. Past Continuous
Use the Past Continuous to indicate that a
longer action in the past was interrupted. The interruption is usually a
shorter action in the Simple Past. Remember this can be a real interruption or
just an interruption in time.
Form :
S
+ was/were + present participle
Examples:
1.
You were studying when she called.
2. Were you studying when
she called?
3.
You were not studying when she called.
4.
I was watching TV when she called.
7. Past Perfect Tense
The
Past Perfect expresses the idea that something occurred before another action
in the past. It can also show that something happened before a specific time in
the past.
Form
:
S
+ had + past participle
Example
:
1. I
had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Kauai.
2.
I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet.
3.
Tony knew Istanbul so well because he had visited the city several times.
4. Had
Susan ever studied Thai before she moved to Thailand?
8.
Past Perfect Countinous
We use the Past Perfect
Continuous to show that something started in the past and continued up until
another time in the past. "For five minutes" and "for two
weeks" are both durations which can be used with the Past Perfect
Continuous. Notice that this is related to the Present Perfect Continuous;
however, the duration does not continue until now, it stops before something
else in the past.
Example
:
1. They had been talking for over an hour before Tony arrived.
2. She had been working at that company for three years when it went out
of business.
3. How long had you been waiting
to get on the bus?
4.
Mike wanted
to sit down because he had been
standing all day at work.
9. Simple Future Tense
Simple
Future has two different forms in English: "will" and "be going to."
Although the two forms can sometimes be used interchangeably, they often
express two very different meanings. These different meanings might seem too
abstract at first, but with time and practice, the differences will become
clear. Both "will" and "be going to" refer to a specific
time in the future.
Form :
S+will
+ verb
Example :
1. You will help him later.
2. Will you help him later?
3. You will not help him later.
4. you are going to meet Jane tonight.
5. Are you going to meet Jane tonight?
10. Future Continous Tense
Future
Continuous has two different forms: "will be doing " and "be
going to be doing." Unlike Simple Future
forms, Future Continuous forms are usually interchangeable.
Form :
S + will be + present participle
Example :
1. You will be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight.
2. Will you be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight?
3. You will not be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight.
4. You are going to be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight.
5. Are you going to be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight?
6. You are not going to be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight
Future
Perfect has two different forms: "will have done" and "be going
to have done." Unlike Simple Future
forms, Future Perfect forms are usually interchangeable.
Form :
S + will have + past participle
Examples:
1. You will have perfected your
English by the time you come back from the U.S.
2. Will you have perfected your
English by the time you come back from the U.S.?
3. You will not have perfected
your English by the time you come back from the U.S.
4. You are going to have perfected
your English by the time you come back from the U.S.
5. Are you going to have perfected
your English by the time you come back from the U.S.?
6. You are not going to have
perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S.
Future
Perfect Continuous has two different forms: "will have been doing "
and "be going to have been doing." Unlike Simple Future
forms, Future Perfect Continuous forms are usually interchangeable.
Form :
S + will have been + present participle
S + will have been + present participle
Examples:
1. You will have been waiting
for more than two hours when her plane finally arrives.
2. Will you have been waiting for
more than two hours when her plane finally arrives?
3. You will not have been waiting
for more than two hours when her plane finally arrives.
4. You are going to have been
waiting for more than two hours when her plane finally arrives.
5. Are you going to have been waiting
for more than two hours when her plane finally arrives?
6. You are not going to have been
waiting for more than two hours when her plane finally arrives.
Daftar Pustaka
http://indonesiaindonesia.com/f/92674-english-tenses-lets-know-and-learn
http://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/tensesimpast.htm
http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/pastcontinuous.html
http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/futureperfect.html
http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/futureperfectcontinuous.html
